There are 33 vertebrae in total seven cervical vertebrae in the neck, twelve thoracic vertebrae in the torso and five lumbar vertebrae in the lower back. Vertebrae are the structural constituents of the spine. Protection of the spinal cord, absorption of mechanical force, maintains the posture of the body and head, coordination of limbs movements, assists respiration Vertebral, ascending cervical, occipital, posterior intercostal, subcostal, lumbar, lateral sacral, deep cervical arteries and veins Posterior rami of the spinal nerves, intercostal nerves, cervical plexus, brachial plexus, accessory nerve (CN XI) Intervertebral discs, zygapophyseal joints Vertebral column: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral (sacrum), 3-5 coccygeal (coccyx) vertebrae But we at Kenhub have a different approach, so in this page we’ve covered the back anatomy in an easy to understand mode for you. The back functions are many, such as to house and protect the spinal cord, hold the body and head upright, and adjust the movements of the upper and lower limbs.īy the way, have you heard about the myth of Sisyphus, a guy being forced to eternally roll an enormous rock up a hill only for it to roll down when it nears the top? Many would compare anatomy studying to his struggle. It comprises the vertebral column (spine) and two compartments of back muscles extrinsic and intrinsic. In the pelvis, some of the nerves group into the sciatic nerve, which extends down the leg.The back is the body region between the neck and the gluteal regions. They exit the spinal canal through openings in the vertebrae (foramen), just like other nerve roots. This bundle of nerve roots is called the cauda equina. The spinal cord ends around the first and second lumbar vertebrae in the lower back and continues as nerve roots. Spinal nerves branch out from the spinal cord through openings in the vertebrae, called foramen. Spinal nerve cells, called neurons, carry messages to and from the spinal cord and between the brain and muscles, via a circuit of spinal nerves. These small joints have a cartilage surface, like a hip or knee joint, and help your spine move and are important for spine rotation. The discs allow us to move and yet maintain the spine’s strength at the same time.īetween the back of the vertebrae are facet joints. ![]() These intervertebral discs move and expand and stabilize the spine, acting as shock absorbers. Round, half-inch-thick discs separate the vertebrae from each other. The bones serve to protect your spinal cord and, in turn, they are protected by a membrane that surrounds both the spinal cord and vertebrae. The vertebrae are stacked on top of each other and create a canal that houses the spinal cord. The reverse ‘c-shape’ curve of the upper, or thoracic, spine is called kyphosis.Įach of the three major spine segments is made up of, and connected by, small rings of bones, called vertebrae. The ‘c-shaped’ neck and lumbar spine curves are called lordosis. The cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine make up the three main segments of the spinal column, or backbone.įrom the side, our three spinal column segments form natural curves. This complicated structure also protects the spinal cord, which is the all important communications system between the brain and the body. Our ability to stand up straight and flexibility to bend and twist come from the back. The spine is a physical support structure, holding up our head, shoulders and upper body. It works as a single organ but is divided into three segments and different areas and structures with unique functions. It’s breadth spans upper body from the shoulders down to the pelvis. ![]() The back represents a very large part of the human body, starting at the base of the brain and extending from the neck and shoulders all the way down to the top of the buttocks.
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